• Sensorama – in years 1960-1962 Morton Heilig created a multi-sensory simulator. A prerecorded film in color and stereo, was augmented by binaural sound, scent, wind and vibration experiences. This was the first approach to create a virtual reality system and it had all the features of such an environment, but it was not interactive. • The Ultimate Display – in 1965 Ivan Sutherland proposed the ultimate solution of virtual reality: an artificial world construction concept that included interactive graphics, force-feedback, sound, smell and taste. • The Sword of Damocles– the first virtual reality system realized in hardware, not in concept. Ivan Sutherland constructs a device considered as the first Head Mounted Display (HMD), with appropriate head tracking. It supported a stereo view that was updated correctly according to the user’s head position and orientation. • GROPE – the first prototype of a force-feedback system realized at the University of North Carolina (UNC) ...
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